The u.

Osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone mass and microarchitecture

bone with subsequent increase in bone fragility

and susceptibility to fracture. This is not a part of normal aging and pathological

, process that is both treatable and Prevention. Despite >> << that fact, osteoporosis is a problem of global proportions. The U.S.

Only, osteoporosis affects women 25000000, most of whom are menopausal. This disease causes more than 1. 5000000 fractures in the year

including 250,000 hip fractures. After hip fracture, 20% of patients

die within three months, 50% require long term care, and less than

1/3 will never return to normal activity. From an economic point of view, the public

health care costs for treatment of osteoporosis injuries come

$ 17 billion a year. Although untreated, osteoporosis and should be prevented by promoting

bone health throughout the life of women, by identifying people

risk of osteoporosis, as well as measures to facilitate a >> development of peak bone << mass and prevent bone loss. Risk factors for osteoporosis are important predictors of >> << fractures and should be considered in the evaluation and management of bone health in women

. Those factors that can attract women to develop osteoporosis

include: family history of osteoporosis and welfare of the eastern Caucasus

race, low body weight, some endocrinological diseases, certain drugs

used chronically, dietary problems ( lack of calcium), eating disorders,

, and most importantly, lifestyle factors. Sedentary women, especially

smokers are at very high risk of developing osteoporosis. Excessive >> << alcohol is also associated with increased risk. * Regular weight-bearing, muscle strengthening exercises

diagnosis of osteoporosis involves measuring bone mineral density

(ABM), which may be made at central sites such as spine and hip, or

in peripheral areas, such as radius (wrist), heel (five) or

hand. All sites of BMD measurement seems to predict future fracture equally well

in place, which was measured. But it is difficult to interpret

bone density in the spine or hip to measurements carried out within

(wrist) and calcaneus (five). Also, when trying to monitor therapy remeasuring

bone density, the results can not predict. For example, in drug therapy of osteoporosis >> << can lead to no effect on the radius (wrist), but increased

density of the spine and femur. It is therefore important to measure ABOUT

for objects that are of great clinical value, especially the spine and hips

. , where fractures can cause major morbidity and mortality

BMD measurements give us the absolute values ​​for each anatomical area.

Value compared with other women the same age (Z-account) or

normal young adults (T-criterion). T-bill, therefore, defined as the

standard deviations of peak bone mass that a woman or man

usually reaches a young age. Management of the World Health Organization

define osteoporosis in patients whose bone density is on

2. 5, but

1, while normal bone mineral density falls into the T-1 rating or higher. Reduced bone mass is associated with increased risk for future fractures

and bone densitometry can be used effectively to manage patients with lasix for congestive heart failure established osteoporosis

, and those at risk for osteoporosis. Once a patient was defined as (1) be at risk of osteoporosis < -2. 5 standard deviations below the mean of young adults, or a T-score

or (2) with osteoporosis, treatment is necessary and should always include >> << lifestyle changes, exercise, adequate calcium < -2. 5. Osteopenia is diagnosed when the T-scores are > -and vitamin D., and sometimes drug therapy. Availability of drugs to treat osteoporosis include hormonal <

-therapy (HRT), alendronate, calcitonin and raloksifen. It has been shown

in randomized trials to maintain or increase defense, though

HRT and alendronate appear to increase bone density to a greater extent than either >> << raloksifen or calcitonin. Preventing osteoporosis is by far the best therapy. It should begin

in childhood and extends for a lifetime. Effective prevention programs

should be aimed at achieving peak bone mass from childhood to adulthood,

support bone from adult to middle age, and bone peventing

loss from middle age to old age . This is a lifelong process that involves

healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition and adequate calcium filling

and vitamin D, and management of any of the available drugs, including

HRT, alendronate, or raloksifen Miacalcin.

Prevention

key to achieving control over this epidemic that threatens every woman around the world

. .